IoT devices in smart grids

In this article, we focus on smart power grids, which are critical in building smart city architectures, especially devices in Transmission Networks (TNs) and Distribution Networks (DN) which are becoming smarter, and therefore more dynamic. The security control of these networks requires the knowledge in real-time of their key parameters which are voltage and current magnitude, and angle differences in these networks. This identification is the main function of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in TNs and Micro Phasor measurement units (PMUs) in DNs. These tools send and receive data automatically and with the advent of Global Positioning System (GPS) and the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) for time synchronization of these devices, they can be installed in any node in the grids, therefore, µPMUs and PMUs become inevitable IoT devices in power networks.