Analysis of Beamforming in Dense Urban Deployments

In this work, we address the last mile connectivity in dense urban deployments. Towards this, we develop a novel multiuser framework that analyzes codebook based beamforming proposed in the 5G standards. Based on the various system parameters like antenna configurations (number of antenna panels, antennas, rectangular/linear arrays), number of layers, etc., relevant codebook can be generated and their beam patterns are studied. The framework establishes a multi-user scenario in which the user associates to a subset of synchronization signal block (SSB) beams and chooses the best SSB beam to initiate further transmission of control and data information based on a signal path-loss model and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) experienced by them. The user association to a particular codebook beam changes over time with the mobility of the user. The framework allows for the users to select the best beam among a neighborhood subset of the initial beam to effectively associate as the user traverses across the cell. Decoded and equalized physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) symbols constellation plots and throughput values have been provided to validate the user association. Simulations based on the framework demonstrate an effective beam-user association, beam tracking, and throughput performance.