Microwave Analysis on Bone Mineral Density

Globally, 200 million people are affected by osteoporosis which is a major bone metabolic disorder. In this paper, an investigation was conducted on the effects of the close proximity of the human body phantom on the performance of the antenna. Furthermore, a pair of monopole antennas with the help of a vector network analyzer (VNA) was used to measure the change in relative attenuation of the microwave signal when passed through the bone with different mass densities. Here animal bones were used as a sample and the skin phantom mimic was also fabricated to observe the effects of skin.