Identifying the System-related Conditions and Consequences of Power-to-X Solutions for a High Renewables Penetration in Denmark

There is a high demand on development of Power-to-X solutions in Demark to achieve the targets of its government's 70% greenhouse gas emission by 2030 and fossil free in the whole energy system by 2050. Based on exploring historical renewables data and electricity market data, the balancing needs in the Danish electrical power system are emphasized in this paper, which provide favorable conditions for new technologies, such as electrolysers and fuel cells, to participate in the balancing markets. This paper also summarizes the experiences and lessons learned from the hydrogen-related demonstration projects in Demark and their prequalification recommendations. An economic study on reversible solid oxide cell-based plants on Bornholm island shows new optimal designs on system conriguration and control strategies are still needed for more economic benefits.