MVCM Car-Following Model for Connected Vehicles and Simulation-Based Traffic Analysis in Mixed Traffic Flow

Although there have been assorted car-following (CF) models for connected vehicles (CVs), studying their impacts in mixed traffic flow of human-driven vehicles (HVs) and CVs remains a challenge. Considering the multiple front vehicles’ optimal speed changes with memory, this study proposed a new CF model (MVCM model) implemented through vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology in CVs environment in terms of OVCM (Optimal Velocity Changes with Driving Memory) model. The stability condition of MVCM model was derived through linear stability analysis. Then, the disturbance propagation of MVCM model was compared with that of both classical FVD (Full Velocity Difference) model and MHOVA (Multiple Headway Optimal Velocity and Acceleration) model. Finally, a case study was conducted in VISSIM to analyze the impact of CV (with MVCM model) rates on traffic characteristics, including the average speed, delay time and travel time. Results show that 1) considering more front vehicles’ optimal speed strengthens the stability of traffic flow and the optimal considered vehicle number is 4; 2) MVCM model shows better resistance to disturbance than FVD model; 3) and obtain the same stability with MHOVA model, but with fewer front vehicles considered (only 3); 4) larger rate of CVs leads to higher average speed, smaller average travel time and the delay time of CVs and HVs; and 5) CVs’ positive effects reaches stable when CV rate approaches 0.6.