Analysis of a Meandered Loop Antenna Performance under Muscle Implanted Condition

Previous work on meandered loop antenna has been presented that robust performance in the presence of implant internal components and has a realized gain of -28.4 dBi inside a model of a human upper arm. However, the observation of how the electric field (E-field) affects the antenna and the behavior of antenna is very significant in antenna design and it has not been discussed yet in previous work. In this paper, surface current distribution, antenna resistance and efficiency, three-dimensional radiation pattern and E-field degradation in the cylindrical implant antenna and muscle phantom of meandered loop antenna operating at 429 MHz are studied with both theoretical and simulation methods. Theoretical calculations are compared with simulation results and they are found to be in good agreement. It was determined that the E-field distribution is concentrated principally in the small feed area, whereas the surface current tends to be more distributed. Moreover, the conductivity of 0 and 0.79 S/m are observed, and it was found that E-field degradation increases when conductivity increases.