Coordinated Control of Voltage and Frequency in a Three-Area Multisource System Integrated with SMES Using FOI-FOPDF Controller

This paper highlights the significance of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) device and non-linearity constraints on the multi-area multisource interconnected power system. The fractional-order integral minus fractional-order proportional-derivative with filter (FOI-FOPDF) controller for the automatic load frequency control loop and proportional-integral-derivative with filter controller for the automatic voltage regulator loop is proposed. The controller parameters are optimized at nominal system loading by a new metaheuristic algorithm name as artificial flora algorithm (AFA). The proposed controller (FOI-FOPDF) is superior to the traditional controller in terms of peak overshoot, undershoot, and settling time. The dynamic response of system is enhanced in the presence of SMES and deteriorated due to the system non-linearities. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the optimized controller parameters at nominal system loading does not need to be reset repeatedly for a wide variation of the system loading. Moreover, it is also observed the supremacy of AFA by its convergence.