Efficient Sink Mobility based Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network with Multiple Mobile Sinks

Nowadays, heterogeneous wireless sensor networks with multiple mobile sinks are widely deployed to handle static sink issues such as hot-spot problem, high latency, and high energy consumption. However, advertisement of the mobile sink's location and energy-efficient movement of mobile sinks across the network is a crucial task. For the efficient movement of multiple mobile sinks, constrained random mobility (CRM) and simple random mobility (SRM) methods are proposed in this work, which reduce the packet collision, latency, and energy consumption. The proposed work extends the DAEERR protocol for multiple mobile sinks WSN and utilizes a similar hierarchical approach for the sink's location advertisement. The performance of the proposed work is compared with single mobile sink DAEERR protocol using the OMNeT++ v4.6 simulator with the Castalia framework in terms of average energy consumption (AEC), average packet reception delay (APRD), and percentage of packets received at sink nodes (PPR). The results show that the proposed CRM and SRM based protocols outperformed the DAEERR protocol by reducing APRD up to 47.926 % and 47.924 %, respectively, and by decreasing AEC up to 1.997 % and 1.828 %, respectively, for varying sink mobility speed from 1 to 10 km/h while taking a little bit of trade-off with PPR.