Optimal Unified Frequency and Voltage Control of Multi-area Multi-source Power System using the Cascaded PIDN-TIDF Controller

This paper addresses an unequal interconnected multi-area multi-source power system whose frequency, voltage, and tie-line power are regulated in the conventional scenario. The proposed system consists of three areas with common thermal and wind plants. Besides these plants, Area-1, 2 and 3 have gas turbine, diesel and DSTS plant respectively. A maiden attempt was made to implement the cascaded Proportional-Integral-Derivative with Filter (PIDN)-Tilt-Integral-Derivative with Filter (TIDF) controller in both Automatic Load Frequency Control (ALFC) and Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) loops. A nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm called Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) is successfully applied to the unified ALFC and AVR studies to optimize the controller parameters showing that PIDN-TIDF controller predominates in all time-domain indices. AVR impact proclaims a substantial increase in system dynamics. The system dynamics is studied with the impact of wind turbines and system nonlinearities. System performance is measured by Integral Squared Error (ISE) with 1% disturbance in Area-1.