Human Body Phantoms for Wideband Radiometry

In order to enable wideband radiometry as a noninvasive and accurate means by which to detect human body core temperature, phantoms that mimic the electrical properties across a wide frequency band and wide range of temperatures need to be explored. This paper proposes the use of 90% ground beef (10% fat) to represent the human brain across a wide bandwidth from 200 MHz to 10 GHz. Our proposed phantom is found to exhibit minimal error compared to the actual human brain gray and white matter properties. Temperature-dependent electrical property measurements from 11°C to 47°C align with the few existing temperature-dependent studies on animal tissues. This study will enable further research into more easily constructed and attainable phantoms for testing a wide range of radio frequency devices.