Advances and Challenges in Handset Antenna Efficiency for 5G and Beyond

Increasing system requirements for 5G and beyond wireless systems translate into an increasing importance of antenna efficiency. In this paper we show that frequency-reconfigurable antennas are a very promising solution to increase the efficiency, exhibiting an upper bound on the radiation efficiency that is significantly increased compared to traditional designs. We then compare several efficiency measurement techniques, from which we can conclude that reverberation chamber measurements are an ideal solution for 5G and beyond.