Investigation of Driver EMF Exposure From 4G/5G Automotive Glass Mounted Antennas

The goal of this paper is to study the human exposure to electromagnetic fields due to vehicle-mounted on glass antennas. A novel multi-band planar antenna is designed and optimized using Invasive Weed Optimization. The design includes a multi-band 4G/5G antenna operating in the frequency band [600 MHz-5000 MHz]. Numerical simulations show a reflection coefficient below -10 dB at all the operating frequency bands. Additionally, we investigated various antenna placements including the front and rear glasses of the vehicle. The effect of the antenna radiation on the driver is discussed for different antenna locations in terms of electric field strength. The asymptotic method is applied for the simulation of the whole model, considering the huge electrical size of the car at frequencies up to 5 GHz. Electric field results show that the most convenient antenna placement is at the car backlite. These results are within the electric field exposure limits provided by the FCC.