Device Engineering Approach Toward Stable, Efficient, and Eco-Friendly Perovskite Solar Cell

In the endeavors to achieve lead-free perovskite solar cells, antimony-based hybrid materials have been identified as a promising alternative to toxic lead perovskite due to its stability and unique optoelectronic properties. In this study, we have presented a comprehensive analysis of MA3Sb2I9-based solar cells through device optimization. Various device parameters, such as active layer thickness, defect density, dopant concentration, interface defect density, and work function of the front contact electrode affecting the performance, have been rigorously investigated. By the optimized parameters, we achieved an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.22 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 31.79 mA/cm
²
, a fill factor (FF) of 50.82%, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.79%. Furthermore, the addition of the tungsten disulfide (WS2) interlayer layer between the electron transport layer (ETL) and the active layer has been thoroughly studied, which enhances the PCE of the proposed device to 20.36%. This study indicates the great potential of the emerging lead-free perovskite solar cells and opens wide opportunities to design novel perovskite solar cells for broad photovoltaic applications.