Integrated Public Transportation Systems Model for Passengers’ Convenience and Safety

This paper aims to propose an integrated transportation system model for catering the convenience and safety needs especially in the developing countries context. Following intelligence transportation system principles derived from the literature, it identified four provisions essential for making the current public transport appealing based on the Indonesian context. These include integrated ticketing system, real-time vehicle information position, smart trip assistance and complaint system. Based from these requirements, this paper then proposed the business logic of each provision and how technological components, embedded system, hardware, software could be composed resulting architectural models for fulfilling passenger convenience and safety needs. Considering these results, this paper contributes to the limited but growing research on the intelligence transportation system by providing a reference architecture model for improving public transportation services. The models presented in this paper also offers practical insights to the public transportation operators especially in the developing countries that seek recommendation and approaches to enhancing and ensuring passengers' convenience and safety during the trip. Since this study based on Indonesian context, further research could look at different countries to offer new insights. Finally, it would be interesting for future works to adopt and implement the proposed architectures to solve the real problem in making public transportation more appealing.