Automatic Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy using Machine Learning: A Review

Diabetic Retinopathy is a popular cause of diabetes, causing vision-impacting lesions of the retina. Blindness may be avoided by early detection. The ophthalmologist's manual approach of diagnosing diabetic retinopathy is expensive and time consuming. At the same time, unlike computer assisted diagnostic systems, it may cause misdiagnosis. Deep learning has recently become one of the most effective approaches that has obtained better efficiency in the analysis and classification of medical images. In medical image analysis, convolutional neural networks are more commonly used as a deep learning approach and they are extremely effective. This paper assessed and addressed the new state-of-the-art Diabetic Retinopathy color fundus image classification and detection methodologies using deep learning and machine learning techniques. Additionally, various challenging issues that need further study are also discussed.