Robust PIDD2 Controller Design for Perturbed Load Frequency Control of an Interconnected Time-Delayed Power Systems

The extensive practice of open communication links in the power system network introduces unavoidable communication time delays (CTDs). These CTDs demean the performance of the load frequency control (LFC) system, and in the worst condition, the LFC system becomes unstable. Thus, this brief proposes a robust proportional integral derivative double derivative (PIDD2) controller design for the perturbed LFC of the interconnected time-delayed power system. In this brief, the worst case plant selection approach is applied to find the worst case plant model using Kharitonov’s stability theorem of the interval system. The proposed PIDD2 controller is designed for the selected worst case plant model of the original interval plant. Furthermore, the tuning of PIDD2 controller is carried out using an internal model control (IMC) approach. The notable feature of the presented IMC scheme is that the IMC filter coefficient (
$\lambda $
) is determined in terms of maximum sensitivity (
$M_{s}$
) and CTD, which shows the tradeoff between robustness and performance. The proposed control scheme is validated on a two-area time-delayed power system model. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed IMC-PIDD2 control approach are assessed under parametric uncertainties in system parameters as well as CTD, nonlinearities, and step load demand disturbances. Besides, delay margin (DM) is also computed in the sense of Walton and Marshall stability theorems for the proposed control system. The efficacy of the proposed IMC-PIDD2 control scheme is verified by comparing it with the recently reported control schemes.