Generalized ANOVA Test for GNSS Spoofing Detection with a Dual-Polarized Antenna

The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used in many applications to decide whether the outcomes of different experiments are the same or not. Nevertheless, one of the most restrictive assumptions made by ANOVA is to suppose that all the experiments have the same variance. This may not be common in many applications as it is the case of spoofing detection in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Moreover, there may be cases in which the experimental data is complex with different variances for the real and imaginary components. For these reasons, in this paper, we provide a general formulation of ANOVA and we show its application to spoofing detection in GNSS. Numerical results will show the superiority of the proposed generalized ANOVA solution with respect to traditional ANOVA and state-of-the-art techniques for spoofing detection in GNSS.