Hardware efficient digital filter design by multimode mean field annealing

The multimode mean field annealing (MM-MFA) approach is introduced as an efficient tool to design digital filters with discrete coefficients, each implemented as a sum of signed power-of-two terms and additional general hardware constraints. As an application example demonstrating the potential of the new method, we consider the design of a linear phase nonrecursive finite impulse response (FIR) filter with a least squares criterion and minimum number of power-of-two terms.