Multimodal upconversion nanoparticles with controlled drug release as drug delivery system

The lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) gained great attention as nanoplatforms for optical bioimaging and drug delivery systems. In this work, we developed the multimodal system based on UCNPs modified with thermosensitive polymer and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), containing chemotherapeutics, such as doxorubicin and flavin mononucleotide, for visualization and therapy. The drug delivery, cytotoxicity and optical properties were studied.