Implementation of an Extremum Seeking Controller for Distributed Energy Resources: Practical Considerations

The transition to renewable energy sources induces new challenges in operating the power system. In previous work, we explored an extremum seeking-based control scheme to aggregate and manage distributed energy resources and operate them similarly to more conventional dispatchable resources. In this paper, we focused on implementing this control scheme in a realistic environment including readily available commercial equipment. Here, we explore the limitations of existing hardware and relate the choices that were made to achieve a functioning proof of concept implementation.