An Over 120 dB Single Exposure Wide Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor With Two-Stage Lateral Overflow Integration Capacitor

This article presents a prototype linear response single exposure CMOS image sensor with two-stage lateral overflow integration capacitors (LOFIC) exhibiting over the 120-dB dynamic range (DR) with 11.4 Me^- full well capacity (FWC) and maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 70 dB. The measured SNR at all switching points were over 35 dB thanks to the proposed two-stage LOFIC.