Synthesis and Analysis of a Dual-Input Cross-Connected Charge Pump with Gain Selecting Functions

For small power applications, we propose a dualinput cross-connected charge pump with gain selecting functions. The proposed dc/dc converter has the significant features, namely, hybrid input sources, gain selecting function, and cross-connected structure. In the proposed dc/dc converter, a dc output is provided to an output load by combing a battery input with a scavenged energy input. By alleviating energy consumption of the battery source, the proposed dc/dc converter offers a long lifetime of batteries. Furthermore, the gain selecting function can adjust the voltage gain of the proposed dc/dc converter according to the voltage level of the scavenged energy source. Therefore, the proposed dc/dc converter can achieve a wide input range. Additionally, the cross-connected structure provides high voltage gain and small ripple in the proposed dc/dc converter. The characteristics of the proposed dc/dc converter were clarified by theoretical analysis using a six-terminal equivalent mode. Furthermore, by comparing the proposed dc/dc converter with series-parallel dc/dc converter, traditional charge pump, and Fibonacci dc/dc converter, the effectiveness of the proposed dc/dc converter was confirmed by simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulations. In addition, we validated the feasibility of the proposed topology through breadboard experiments.