A Route Segmented Broadcast Protocol Based on RFID for Emergency Message Dissemination in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Efficiency of position-based emergency message broadcast protocols of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is affected by the position of vehicles that depends entirely on accuracy of the positioning system. In addition, GPS-based dissemination protocols encounter many challenges due to high-energy consumption, low accuracy, and the need for up-to-date maps for real-world automatic applications. In this paper, a Route Segmented Broadcast Protocol based on Radio Frequency identification technology (RSBP-RF) is proposed to eliminate GPS-based problems and increase the efficiency of emergency message broadcasting by improving the positioning accuracy. In this protocol, embedded passive RFID tags are used to segment the route and provide a position-aware technique. In RSBP-RF, each vehicle is informed of its position by crossing on the tags and immediately broadcasts a beacon to its neighbors. Moreover, the proposed protocol includes a proactive relay vehicle selection scheme that uses the received beacons to select the farthest neighboring node. The results of the conducted simulations in the NS-3 tool have validated the effectiveness of the proposed protocol in terms of end-to-end delay, delivery ratio, one-hop delay, collision ratio, relay node selection accuracy, and dissemination performance. Moreover, analysis of the time complexity and message complexity proves the lightness of the RSBP-RF protocol.