Development of a building optimization model for the planning of urban energy supply systems under consideration of sector coupling

The optimal design of municipal energy supply systems, and therein of building energy systems, is a major future challenge for sustainable energy and climate policy. This paper presents a model for choosing the economically optimal technologies required to cover the heat demand of a given building using decentral technologies taking into account investment and operational costs. The heat demands for space and warm water heating are distinguished and their individual flow temperature requirements considered. The developed model includes an integrated and modular technology portfolio of heating and storage units, which can be modelled in different levels of detail. The model is capable of com-bining different technologies and supply concepts using different energy sources. It can furthermore also identify the second-/ third-best solutions. The mathematical optimization model is solved with methods of mixed-integer linear programming. The presented methodology enables statements about optimal supply solutions of a building. The identified solutions can be transferred to a municipal energy system optimization model.