Advancing Autonomy in Aviation: A Holistic Approach

Safely implementing increased automation and autonomy in aviation systems offers the promise of improved operational safety, increased air mobility, and economic benefits for millions of people across the globe. However, many technical approaches to autonomy do not follow a holistic approach, taking into account the challenges associated with terminology, certification, fundamental design principles, and current human-centric regulations. Solving challenges in one or some of these areas will not be enough to move aviation into a high level of automation towards future autonomy. For example, even if the technology is available, the regulator must have evidence to know it is safe, and the flying public expects the regulator to certify the aircraft before entrusting their safety to it. Thus, as aviation moves into the age of autonomy, it is essential to have consensus standards that understand the need for a holistic approach to support the safe and effective use of autonomous aircraft. To meet these challenges, in 2017 ASTM International established Task Group AC377 for “Autonomy Design and Operations in Aviation.” The AC377 Task Group has the responsibility for harmonizing terminology, certification requirements constructs, and fundamental autonomy concepts among ASTM aviation committees that produce consensus standards for aviation - F37 for Light Sport Aircraft, F38 for Unmanned Aircraft Systems, F39 for Aircraft Systems, and F44 for General Aviation - with the goal of promoting consistency and transferability in standards relating to aviation autonomy. ASTM AC377 uses a holistic approach to develop guidance materials in the form of technical reports. This paper will discuss the progress to date in addressing these challenges and recommend next steps to close remaining gaps.