Electro-Active Plasmonics for Label-Free Voltage Sensing and Electrophysiology

Electric-field sensitivity of metals is inherently low. In this work, we introduce electro-plasmonic nanoresonators as a novel voltage probe that can all-optically measure local electric-fields and electrophysiological signals with high temporal (sub-millisecond) and spatial (subcellular) resolutions in a label-free manner.