A Novel State of Charge Approach of Lithium Ion Battery Using Least Squares Support Vector Machine

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been used in electric vehicles(EVs) because of its high energy density and no pollution. As one of the important parameters of battery management system(BMS), accurately estimating the state-of-charge (SOC) can ensure the energy distribution and safe use of the battery. Therefore, in order to obtain accurate SOC estimation, this paper improves the estimation accuracy of SOC from four aspects. Firstly, to overcome the dependence of the model on the internal parameters of the battery, this paper uses the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) to establish the battery model. The current, voltage, temperature are used as input vectors to estimate the SOC. Besides, the parameters of LSSVM are determined by a grey wolf optimizer(GWO). The GWO can improve the ability of LSSVM model by finding the global optimal solution. Thirdly, in order to improve the estimation accuracy of SOC, a novel LSSVM model based on the sliding window is proposed. The SOC estimated at the previous time, together with voltage, current and temperature measured at the current time are selected as the input vectors by sliding window method to improve the SOC accuracy. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified under different driving conditions at different temperatures by comparing with other estimators. The comparison results indicate that the SOC estimation error(MAE) can be controlled within 1%, the root mean square error (RMSE) decreases from 0.89% to 0.22%, which are verified the effectiveness and robustness of the model.