Measurement of CO2 and Ultrasonic Vibration Based on Tunable Fiber Ring Laser

In this paper, we propose a method to simultaneously measure carbon dioxide (CO
₂
) concentrations and ultrasonic vibration using fiber sensors with a tunable fiber ring laser based on a loop design. The in-line interferometric vibration sensor consists of a single-mode-multimode-single-mode fiber structure and detects continuous dynamic vibrations through intensity demodulation. The evanescent wave absorption based CO
₂
sensor is composed of a no-core fiber coated with silica derived from tetraethylorthosilicate. The fiber ring laser output is tuned to the CO
₂
absorption wavelength of 1574.6 nm, which also best matches the quadrature bias point of the vibration sensor. The vibration frequency signals from 10 Hz to 50 kHz, and fast detection of CO
₂
concentrations from 10% to 100% are experimentally demonstrated. The proposed hybrid sensor system is a promising method for monitoring the gas pipelines operating state, gas turbines, nuclear power plants, and automotive engines, where both vibration and CO
₂
concentration measurements are essential.