Review of Battery Management Strategy in Hybrid Lead-Acid-Lithium-Ion Energy Storage System for Transport Vehicles

Currently, Lead-Acid Batteries (LABs) are predominantly used in Transport Vehicles (TVs) for starting automotive engines due to its availability and low cost. The batteries in Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles must be able to satisfy the Starter-Light-Ignition. The electronics functions are replacing mechanical technology; thus, it increases the load demand in TVs. Increase for load demand in TVs, LABs are failing to meet high transient and energy density. The LABs have been subjected to deep discharges, which in turn causes batteries' stress, consequently reducing their lifespan. Therefore, there is a need on LABs-TVs' performance improvement in terms of storage capacity and lifespan. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to do review on developing a Hybrid Lead-acid/Lithium-ion Energy Storage System with Battery Management Strategy in TVs to reduce stress in current LABs and improve their capacity and lifespan of LABs without changing the current chemical composition of the batteries.