Integration of Wind and Demand Response for Optimum Generation Reliability, Cost and Carbon Emission

Integrating wind power with existing generation systems is one of the most important ways to decarbonise the power sector industry. However, integration must be considered in tandem with its effects towards the adequacy of power supply mainly due to the intermittency of wind. Costs of generators and reliability and carbon emission levels of new wind-integrated generation systems have to be considered. The diversity of demand levels by various load sectors presents an additional pressure on the adequacy of generation system, which should be considered during wind integration. Demand response is effective in relieving the load demands and reducing the number of peaks, but rescheduling energy usage incurs cost to utilities, which should be considered when it is used to aid the integrations of wind power. In this paper, a holistic methodology for optimising the integration of wind power in generation systems is proposed by considering all these factors. Multiple objectives of this optimisation are solved altogether when determining the solution considering their conflicting relationships. Analyses are based on practical data obtained from several real cases. Formulations of the optimisation objectives are generic enough to be useful in other generation systems.