Composite Modal Interferometer for Simultaneous Triple-Parameter Measurement Based on Cascaded No-Cladding Fiber and Thin-Core Fiber Structure

In this paper, an in-fiber composite modal interferometer (CMI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on cascaded no-cladding fiber (NCF) and thin-core fiber (TCF) structure, which respectively corresponds to multimode interferometer (MMI) and Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The self-image effect of MMI is deeply analyzed and the interference fringes distribution of CMI is accurately designed by the selective the length of NCF and TCF. The comprehensive tests are then conducted and the experimental results show that interference fringes present similar temperature response but the apparent differences in strain and refractive index (RI) tests owing to the asymmetrical structure. MMI has a nearzero intensity sensitivity of strain and red-shifts with the increased RI. But MZI has the sensitivity of -19.3nm/RIU and a 4.94 dB increment in the range of 300-1100 με. Thus high-discrimination simultaneous triple-parameter measurement is achieved by means of joint wavelength and intensity demodulation. The proposed CMI has the merits of high sensitivity, low cost and ease of fabrication, and is very promising and potential for the engineering monitoring and sensing applications.