Formal Controller Synthesis for Frequency Regulation Utilising Electric Vehicles

In this paper, we propose a formal controller synthesis approach for integrating a population of plug-in electric vehicles for frequency regulation of power systems. This approach is the first application of formal methods to the frequency regulation of smart grids. We design and simulate a novel symbolic controller for the Great Britain power system. The proposed controller enhances the frequency response behaviour of the system under a large outage event. The symbolic controller guarantees the frequency returns to a specified safe interval while satisfying other requirements. We compare this with a baseline controller from the literature and show that only our controller is able to satisfy the specifications with formal guarantees.