Performance Evaluation of Adjusted Spherical Harmonics Ionospheric Model Over Indian Region

The ionosphere is perceived to be a predominant source of ranging error of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals to degrade the positional accuracy. The suitable ionospheric model is necessary to improve the positional accuracy of GNSS and Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) users. In this paper, the regional ionospheric model (RIM) over the Indian region is implemented based on the adjusted spherical harmonics function (ASHF) model from dense GPS TEC stations over the Indian region. Also, the evaluation of the different ASHF order models conducted to identify the proper order of the ASHF model for Indian low latitude ionospheric calm and adverse space weather conditions. The results confirm that the 4
^th
order ASHF ionospheric model can identify the northern Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) TEC crest patterns over the Indian region. The comparison of the 4
^th
order ASHF ionospheric model carried out with dual and single frequency ionospheric models like as Klobuchar model, Centre for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) Klobuchar model, NeQuick G model, BeiDou System (BDS2) model and CODE Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) models. The outcome of the results indicates that the 4
^th
Order ASHF ionospheric model would be potential for single and dual-frequency ionospheric models for GNSS and SBAS systems.