Methodological Aspects of the Concept of Global Measurements

The paper proposes a methodological basis and principles of the organization of the global dimension as a new trend in the theory of measurements. It is shown that global measurements are always implemented under conditions of significant uncertainty of models and data. In this regard, a regularizing Bayesian approach (RBA) and technologies based on it, which are focused on uncertainty conditions, are proposed for their organization. It is shown that the methods and principles of global measurements, as a branch of the Bayesian intelligent measurement (BIM) direction, meet all the criteria of classical multiparametric measurements: compatibility, repeatability (stability), traceability of measurement solutions. Specific properties of all components of global measurement processes are defined: models of global measurement objects, models of reference objects, and the methodology for implementing comparison schemes. It is established that the main difference from the classical type of measurement schemes is the presence of components due to the influence of measurement subjects in all the above components of the global measurement scheme. Analytical dependencies describing global dimensions are obtained in the form of measurement equations in conceptual and optimization forms. The article provides examples of conceptual models of global measurement objects based on BII in the problems of geopolitics, macroeconomics, international systems and relations.