Real-Time Systems Implications in the Blockchain-Based Vertical Integration of Industry 4.0

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is expected to attract significant investments for industry. In this new environment, blockchain presents immediate potential in applications of the IIoT, offering several benefits to industrial cyberphysical systems.

Industry 4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution that has transformed manufacturing systems into cyberphysical systems (CPSs) through emerging paradigms such as the Internet of Things. By 2025, worldwide investments in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are expected to reach US$950 billion.1 The forecasts indicate that investment in this market will grow by 30% during the forecast period.