Enhanced Switching Pattern to Improve Cell Balancing Performance in Active Cell Balancing Circuit Using Multi-Winding Transformer

Cell balancing performance is an important factor in determining the operational efficiency of the active cell balancing circuit. Thus, this study approached this need by developing an enhanced switching pattern. The circuit is designed to transfer energy between arbitrary source and target cells. It has been operated in flyback and buck-boost modes according to the position of the source and target cells. In this circuit, the coupling coefficient of the transformer considerably affects the balancing performance of the flyback operation. The energy transferred to the non-target cell is increased by the low-coupling coefficient due to the leakage inductance. Therefore, the high energy transfer ratio cannot be achieved using conventional switching patterns. In this paper, a new flyback switching pattern is proposed, which can minimize the effect of the coupling coefficient in the cell balancing operation. The proposed switching pattern uses the cells which do not participate in the balancing process to control the voltage applied to each winding, which results in a high energy transfer ratio irrespective of the coupling coefficient. In addition, an enhanced operating method has been proposed to improve the cell balancing speed by reducing the energy transfer path in specific cell conditions. The performance of the proposed switching pattern was verified in a 15 W cell balancing circuit.