Differential Evolution Based Manifold Gaussian Process Machine Learning for Microwave Filter’s Parameter Extraction

Gaussian process (GP) is a rapidly developing supervised machine learning (ML) method in recent years, which has been widely used in the establishment of surrogate models in the field of electromagnetics. However, it has the problems of large sample demand, high computational complexity and low accuracy when processing high dimensional data. To solve this problem, a manifold Gaussian process (MGP) ML method based on differential evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed in this study. For the proposed method, the DE algorithm is used to get dimension reduction parameters, and the method can work very well with the optimized parameters. Compared with the traditional GP model, the dimensionality reduction method based on Isomap is adopted to simplify the mapping relationship between data pairs. Therefore, the model is more suitable for the problem of insufficient samples and high data dimension. In this study, the proposed DE-based MGP (DE-MGP) is applied to the extraction of coupling coefficients of the fourth-order and sixth-order coupling filters, in which the test error of the fourth-order coupling filter surrogate model can be reduced to 0.84%, and the test error of the sixth-order coupling filter is expected to be reduced to 1.53%, which proves that the proposed method is very effective.