Real-time Simulation of Electric Vehicle Powertrain: Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Testbed for Cyber-Physical Security

With the fast development of vehicular on-board communication networks, modern electric vehicles are exposed to potential threats from cyber networks. To secure the vehicle safety and efficiency, advanced simulation platforms for cyber-physical security research are of urgent desires. In this paper, we propose a hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation testbed for electric vehicle powertrain cyber-physical security research. The testbed includes multiple physical domains of an electric vehicle powertrain: electric drive systems, mechanical transmission system, and vehicle control units. An advanced energy consumption monitor that calculates the system energy and power information is constructed. Besides, other critical details like tire-road interactions and road and aerodynamic friction information are also taken into considerations. Furthermore, the testbed is highly modularized, which makes it simple to realize hardware-in-the-loop simulation. All of these features make it an accurate, simple, and effective testbed for electric vehicle powertrain research on system performance, efficiency, reliability, and cyber-physical security.