A Review of Phasor Measurement Unit Requirements and Monitoring Architecture Practices for State Estimation at Distribution Systems

Distribution system and market operators will need or be required to monitor closely distribution systems, due to the presence of multiple actors, such as generating and storage units, as also active loads. The reason for this is the effect of these latter actors to system operation as also to ensure they follow their commitments in the deregulated market frameworks. This paper discusses why the traditional approach to state estimation as this has been developed for transmission systems cannot be extended to distribution systems. Some preliminary proposals are made, and a high-level architecture is presented as part of an on-going research work on the matter.