Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Construction of GC-Balanced DNA With Deletion/Insertion/Mutation Error Correction for DNA Storage System

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles

"Construction of GC-Balanced DNA With Deletion/Insertion/Mutation Error Correction for DNA Storage System,"
by Tianbo Xue and Francis Lau
in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 140972-140980, 2020

After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE’s Publication Principles.

This paper contains significant portions of text from the paper cited below that were reused without attribution.

“Linear-Time Encoders for Codes Correcting a Single Edit for DNA-Based Data Storages”
by Y. M. Chee, H. M. Kiah, and T. T. Nguyen,
in the Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Jul. 2019.

“Optimal Codes Correcting a Single Indel / Edit for DNA-Based Data Storage”
by K. Cai, Y. M. Chee, R. Gabrys, H. M. Kiah, and T. T. Nguyen
in arXiv, arXiv:1910.06501, Oct. 2019.


Synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a good medium for storing digital data for a long period due to its achievable high data storage density and outstanding longevity. However, synthesizing and sequencing DNA sequences in a DNA storage system are prone to a wide variety of errors, including insertion, deletion and mutation errors. At the same time, it is known that DNA sequences with 50% GC content are less susceptible to errors. This paper presents the construction of a GC-balanced DNA sequence with error correction capability. A systematic single insertion/deletion/substitution error correction code is first proposed and then used to design a GC-balanced scheme for synthesizing DNA sequences. With the proposed method, DNA sequences with exactly 50% GC content are constructed. Such DNA sequences not only have the maximum endurance to errors, but are able to correct both insertion/deletion and mutation of the nucleotide bases. The decoding procedures for the sequences are described and can readily be used in practice. Simulation results show that the proposed GC-balanced DNA sequences can correct base errors adequately.