Retracted: A Directed Acyclic Graph Based Architecture for Optimal Operation and Management of Reconfigurable Distribution Systems with PEVs

This article is dedicated to the optimal operation and management of reconfigurable distribution systems considering the high penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Optimal switching can mitigate the power losses and energy losses and provides new power flow paths to avoid possible feeder congestion thus better power dispatch of units. Considering the growing popularity of the electric vehicles in the modern human life, vehicle-2-grid concept is deployed in the model to shift the electric vehicles from just-loading role to active power suppliers with mobile characteristic. The high charging and discharging cycles of the vehicle are modeled as degradation costs through the Wohler curves to avoid fast battery aging process. In order to make sure that all transactions are happening securely, a new architecture based on directed acyclic graph (DAG) is introduced as well. Moreover, a new optimization algorithm based on the salp swarm algorithm and a new modification is proposed to solve the problem, optimally. The simulation results on an IEEE test system shows that the proposed architecture is so capable of handling the PEVs, DGs and switching tools in the distribution system.