Novel VPDU based framework in V2X communication for Internet of vehicles (IoV) and performance evaluation of VAN in urban scenario

Automobile industry is rapidly growing with new technologies. One of such prominent technologies is communication and network connectivity. New era smart vehicles are coming equipped with network adaptors for data connectivity. Modern smart vehicles are aided with hundreds or sensors and manufactures are working on making all sensors and driving statistics to make available to centralized cloud servers for different applications using IoT and cloud technologies making Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Even manufactures are working on some advance features like actuator control and vehicle control and telemetry using data network infrastructure. This work is focused on a proposed novel vehicular protocol data unit (VPDU) and its complete layered network stack implementation framework for vehicle to everything (V2X) communication in an urban scenario. For validation of network framework and evaluation of performance matrices, the simulated vehicular area network (VAN) is proposed in an urban scenario using complete network stack and terrain data in QualNet® simulator. Two industry standard MAC protocols as IEEE 802.11a and 802.11p. AODV, Bellman-Ford and OSPFv2 are used as routing protocols to analyze the network performance for all test cases. IEEE 802.11p MAC shows significant performance improvements from 802.11a counterparts with the proposed novel VPDU in a typical urban VAN scenario. The IEEE 802.11p MAC outperforms 802.11a with 11% less overall End-to-End delay, 29% overall less average jitter and overall 127% increase in packet delivery ratio (PDR). AODV routing protocol performs the best with minimum latency and packet error by improving PDR. The detailed performance analysis is presented in the scope of the paper.