Cell Association for Energy Efficient Resource Allocation in Decoupled 5G Heterogeneous Networks

An optimal utilization of cellular resources is ambitious target of 5^th generation (5G) heterogeneous network (HetNet). In 4^th generation (4G) HetNet, downlink (DL) uplink (UL) coupled access (DUCa) strategy where a mobile station (MS) is associated in DL & UL with a one base station (BS) to ensure energy efficiency (EE) and throughput maximization is a suboptimal solution. An optimal solution in term of EE and throughput is offered by novel DL and UL decoupled access (DUDa) strategy where a MS is associated in DL & UL with one or two BSs in 5G HetNet. This research work conducts performance analysis of DUCa strategy vs DUDa strategy for effective resource allocation to ensure EE in HetNet. First, EE maximization problem in term of resource allocation using DUCa and DUDa strategy in HetNet is formulated. The formulated problem belongs to a class of non-linear fractional programming problem. The formulated fractional programming problem is transformed to a concave optimization problem employing Charnes-Cooper transformation. Then outer approximation algorithm (OAA) is employed to solve the formulated concave optimization problem. Extensive simulation work is done to show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. OAA approach gives ε-optimal solutions for multiple parameters such as MSs associated, minimum required data rate, EE and throughput in DUCa and DUDa HetNet.