Design and Evaluation of 3D Selection in Mobile VR Environments

Virtual Reality (VR) applications are now widely applied in various scenarios and areas, such as tourism, education, manufacturing, and digital entertainment. Although there many different VR devices and platforms, e.g., HTC Vive, Oculus Rift and PS VR, the mobile VR based on smartphones and low-priced VR goggles are still the most popular VR platform for VR games and videos. However, many fundamental interaction techniques in mobile VR environment are still quite challenging. In this paper, we design and evaluate the usability of 3D selection technique in mobile VR environments. We evaluate the user performance on a selection task with different navigation speed settings and operation modes, and we then proposed a selection task performance model for 3D user interfaces in mobile VR environments based on Fitts' Law. The model indicates that the target distance from the 3D viewpoint has the most significant influence on selection time.