Fundamentals of Satellite Navigation Systems

This chapter presents a concise system‐level overview of constellations, operational configurations, and signaling characteristics of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). GNSSs use medium Earth orbit for good visibility/availably of the satellite and provide moderate Doppler for position, velocity, and timing determination. GNSS augmentation or regional satellite‐based navigation systems are often placed in geostationary or inclined geosynchronous over the region to be services. Global position system (GPS) time is derived from a composite or “paper” clock that consists of all operational monitor station and satellite atomic clocks. The GPS control segment coordinates the update of coordinated universal time (UTC) parameters at a future upload in order to maintain a proper continuity of the t
_UTC
timescale. The chapter demonstrates how to go about calculating the user position, given ranges (pseudoranges) to satellites, the known positions of the satellites, and ignoring the effects of clock errors, receiver errors, and propagation errors.