Performance Evaluation of LoS Round-Trip ToF Localization: A 60GHz Band Case Study

With the rise of 5G, there is an increased interest in precise localization and location-aware communication. The use of millimeter wave (mmWave) communication allows precise location estimation due to large signal bandwidths. This paper is focused on the performance analysis of Time-of-Flight (ToF) localization in the unlicensed mmWave (60GHz) band. We performed a statistical analysis of the positioning error with respect to ranging errors. Moreover, we showed if the ranging errors are Gaussian distributed, then both ∆x and ∆y follow Gaussian distribution with high accuracy. Furthermore, the probability density function (PDF) and the cumulative density function (CDF) of the positioning error are derived in terms of the confluent Lauricella function. Derived analytical results are verified through numerical simulations in Matlab. The obtained results show an excellent agreement between theory and simulation. Besides, for a typical indoor environment, our study reveals that an average positioning error of less than 2cm can be obtained if the standard deviation of the ranging error is 1cm or below.