Analysis and Demonstration of Ultra-Broadband Mach-Zehnder Hybrid Polymer/Sol-Gel Waveguide Modulators

A bandwidth of the hybrid modulators is calculated numerically and analytically based on experimentally obtained device parameters, which is >130 GHz. The electro-optic response is reduced by <; 2 dB at 67 GHz. The electrical transmission S
₂₁
is reduced by 5 dB at 110 GHz (upper limit) of a vector network analyzer, which also assured the bandwidth.