Three-Dimensional Scattering From Uniaxial Objects With a Smooth Boundary Using a Multiple Infinitesimal Dipole Method

The formulations for three-dimensional (3D) scattering from uniaxial objects with a smooth boundary using a multiple infinitesimal dipole method (MIDM) are introduced. The proposed technique uses two sets of infinitesimal dipole triplets (IDTs), including three co-located orthogonally polarized electric infinitesimal dipoles, distributed inside and outside of a scatterer to construct simulated fields. The dyadic Green’s functions of uniaxial materials are deployed in the MIDM so as to obtain the simulated fields. The singularity issues in using the uniaxial dyadic Green’s functions, which cannot be solved analytically so far for a general uniaxial medium, can be easily eliminated by using the proposed MIDM. In comparison to the traditional single-layered distribution scheme of IDTs, the proposed multiple-layered distribution scheme can handle the scattering from uniaxial objects accurately and efficiently. Several numerical examples are presented to study bistatic radar cross section (RCS) responses under different scenarios. Excellent agreement is achieved by comparing numerical results with those obtained from commercial software packages, while the simulation performance including CPU time and required memory is drastically improved by using the MIDM when computing a general uniaxial material or a relatively larger object. The proposed technique has its merits on simplicity, conciseness and fast computation in comparison to existing numerical methods.