45nm CMOS 4-Bit Flash Analog to Digital Converter

Signal processing and communication systems are widely dependent on the analog to digital converters [ADC]. Low power consumption remains as a considerable benefit from the layout design. This study presents a four bit flash ADC using CMOS 45nm technology. Operational amplifier design, which remains as the integral part of ADC is also discussed. To enable an improved performance of the ADC, a potent operational amplifier is designed with a frequency range ± 5MHz along with an operating voltage of 2.5 V for serving at the heart of Flash ADC. The thermometer encoder circuit is a logic-based encoder built upon XOR and OR gates. Cadence Virtuoso circuit and layout editor along with verification tools (LVS and DRC) are used to design different layouts and schematics. The 4-Bit Flash ADC uses 9 mW of power with a delay of $1.11 \mu s$ in conversion.