Refinement of Print’s Model in Designing a Ladderized Program

This article describes the steps in the refinement of Print's Curriculum Model to make it suitable in designing a ladderized program in Hospitality Management. The factors to be considered in designing ladderized programs were identified through a thorough review of literature on the principles and requirements of lifelong learning systems and were incorporated into the 3 phases of Organization, Development and Application within Print's Model. Four factors were identified as essential to ladderized programs : the critical role of teachers, the primacy of situational analysis , alignment of the four elements of curriculum intent, content, learning activities and instructional evaluation with the development of lifelong learning skills; and the presence of educational reforms in the external environment which foster lifelong learning. These factors were incorporated into Print's Model to guide curriculum developers in designing ladderized programs.